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ST Locus (Screw Tail, Bulldog and Terrier Type)

The ST Locus (ST) (Screw Tail) trait causes a dog's tail to be shortened and kinked, commonly seen in Bulldogs, French Bulldogs, and Boston Terriers.

Affected Genes: DVL2

Inheritance: Autosomal Incomplete Dominant with Incomplete Penetrance and Variable Expressivity

References:
Mansour TA, Lucot K, Konopelski SE, Dickinson PJ, Sturges BK, Vernau KL, Choi S, Stern JA, Thomasy SM, Döring S, Verstraete FJM, Johnson EG, York D, Rebhun RB, Ho HH, Brown CT, Bannasch DL. Whole genome variant association across 100 dogs identifies a frame shift mutation in DISHEVELLED 2 which contributes to Robinow-like syndrome in Bulldogs and related screw tail dog breeds. PLoS Genet. 2018 14(12):e1007850.

Niskanen JE, Reunanen V, Salonen M, Bannasch D, Lappalainen AK, Lohi H, Hytönen MK. Canine DVL2 variant contributes to brachycephalic phenotype and caudal vertebral anomalies. Hum Genet. 2021 140(11):1535-1545.